When two countries have PPP, people pay the same amount for the same goods, after adjusting for the exchange rate. The SurveyвЂ™s Chief Economist Richard Curtin wrote, вЂњThe loss was due to a host of issues including the partial government shutdown, the impact of tariffs, instabilities in financial markets, the global slowdown, and the lack of clarity about monetary policies.вЂќД«ecause I know that you would want to know, how much do hamburgers cost in Great Britain? Purchasing power parity, or PPP, is a straightforward idea with a tongue twister of a name. The University of Michigan Survey of Consumers showed consumer confidence was lower in January 2019 than it was in January 2018. While investor confidence appears to be strengthening, consumer confidence doesnвЂ™t. Federal Reserve, as well as evidence the U.S. Richard Henderson, Emma Dunkley, and Robin Wigglesworth of Financial Times offered the opinion investors could have been overly pessimistic during December, and their change in attitude might be attributed to a more dovish (meaning a commitment to lower rates) tone at the U.S. It is up almost 8.5 percent for the year. The FTSE All-World Index also moved higher last week. (Quarterly earnings indicate how profitable a company was during the period being reported.) A large number of companies will report earnings in the coming week making it likely the most important week of the first quarter. Eleven percent of S&P 500 companies had reported so far and, altogether, their earnings have beaten expectations by 3.2 percent, according to FactSet. The Standard & PoorвЂ™s 500 Index (S&P 500) and NASDAQ Composite also moved higher last week.Д«arronвЂ™s reported investors were encouraged by positive news about trade talks between the United States and China, as well as stronger-than-expected fourth quarter earnings. The Index is up 5.9 percent year-to-date, which is its best start in more than a decade, according to Ben Levisohn of BarronвЂ™s. Last week, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained about 3 percent. Unfortunately, those who reduced their exposure to the asset class may be questioning themselves. Investors who remained steady during DecemberвЂ™s wild ride are probably pleased with their decision as weвЂ™ve had a bit of a January rebound in the stock market.

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